The world is on edge. North Korea is threatening war. No one knows what Donald Trump will do next. And deeper forces of disruption are at work, from fake news to cryptocurrencies.
With that in mind, welcome to the latest edition of the Pessimist’s Guide...to 2028. It’s an attempt not just to look at the potential shocks of next year but also to consider how they could shape the coming decade.
The scenarios outlined here are not meant as forecasts. Instead, they are provocative ideas intended to make you think about how quickly our world is changing.
President Donald Trump follows his tax-cut victory with a major push on deregulation and a pledge to spend trillions of dollars on the military and infrastructure. The economy booms. Robert Mueller’s investigation doesn’t find anything that personally implicates Trump.
Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Despite low poll numbers, Trump scrapes through to re-election as the disorganized Democrats split between Democrat Kamala Harris and independent Bernie Sanders, by then age 79.
Source: Gallup
Trump finally manages to repeal Obamacare—but doesn’t replace it. Chaos ensues in the U.S. health-care system just as the economic sugar high wears off and the stock-market bubble pops. The U.S. falls into a deep recession.
Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg
Voters elect Democrat Jimmy Kimmel as president after he runs on introducing national health care. But in a sign of a divided nation, Virginians choose Steve Bannon as their next senator over Tim Kaine. Riots over health care erupt in major cities.
Photographer: Pete Marovich/Bloomberg
The Democratic and Republican parties fracture as voters disillusioned with establishment politics are drawn to alternative parties. Four plausible candidates run for president in November; no one gets 270 electoral votes. Political fights and court cases drag into 2029 as Inauguration Day nears.
Photographer: Daniel Acker/Bloomberg
It seems likely the U.S. will face an inflation problem over the coming 12 months. Some variations of the 2018-2021 scenario are therefore possible, particularly the part about disorganized Democrats losing the 2020 elections. Challenges to growth could arise from higher inflation and the monetary tightening that would follow. Compound that with cyclical stress on health care and more fractured politics, and U.S. financial assets suddenly appear far less attractive. A possible long-term play is to short U.S. equities vs. long global equities outside North America.
Nightberg macro research
The U.S. midterms show that Facebook and other Big Tech firms are failing to stop the spread of misinformation. One poll, for example, shows that 30 percent of voters thought that Hillary Clinton was running for the Senate.
Source: Pew Research Center, 2017
Facebook hires thousands of contractors to de-rank suspicious content, but it’s unlikely they will ever be able to spot the spoofers. Around the world, governments are forced to follow Russia’s example and embrace “bot farms” as a new weapon in counterintelligence. It emerges that nearly half of Twitter’s traffic comes from such “fake news” accounts.
Photographer: Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg
CEOs of Silicon Valley companies announce that they’ve developed artificial intelligence programs to root out disinformation with a high degree of accuracy. But in the run-up to the presidential election, the voice-activated home assistants filling American homes are hacked to give pro-Trump answers to questions about the economy and foreign policy.
Source: IDC
No one knows what’s true and what’s false on the Internet anymore. The Kimmel administration decides it has no choice but to break up Big Tech and launches legal action. Facebook, Twitter and Google cease to exist as we know them.
Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg
Fragmentation dominates a rising generation of successor platforms, which give like-minded groups a social-media experience free of ideological opposition. This makes misinformation worse. Polls show 55 percent of Russians believe Trump has become president for life, following a fake video of a coronation speech on a platform dedicated to Russian nationalism.
Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg
Media brands with their own distribution channels and reputations for a balanced, fact-based approach would benefit, though the polarization of society may mean that ‘tribal’ media brands may be winners as well. Conference business models could benefit, especially in high-end markets, to counter the ‘fake’ information—and to collect peer-to-peer insights on important issues. Shorting Nasdaq against global equities could work longer term, as the regulatory regime is likely to worsen for tech firms.
Nightberg macro research
A U.S. regional lender announces that its systems have been taken down in a cyberattack and all its deposits have vanished. Regulators around the world reassure account holders that their deposits are safe. Bitcoin jumps to $40,000 as deep fears set in about the safety of the financial system. Gold surges too, but by less.
Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg
China’s Alibaba adopts its own cryptocurrency for use inside its vast e-commerce network, establishing the mass-market viability of digital money. Following Venezuela’s lead, Greece and a few African countries adopt bitcoin, which hits $100,000.
Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg
Rogue coders inside a regulatory-compliance software company inject a Trojan malware program called Worm Hole into scores of banks around the world. Undetected, it siphons data and cash from accounts in fractional increments.
Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg
A 10-year-old schoolgirl in Pittsburgh discovers Worm Hole and exposes it on social media, triggering a run on the global banking system. Shares in “Old Wall Street” crash as major central banks embrace blockchain technology, bypassing the banks, and issue digital money directly to households.
Photographer: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg
Many commercial lenders break apart. The global financial system gives way to a fragmented patchwork of digital currencies and payment systems dominated by such players as Alipay and Amazon.com. Bitcoin hits $1 million.
Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg
Vanished bank deposits would likely drive a major disbelief in all things digital, even bitcoin. Owning real physical assests, such as gold, luxury real estate for high net worth individuals, artwork, and safety vault producers in general as individuals seek to store more of their wealth within their private residences. The cyber-insurance sector would benefit as the world would scramble to find a solution to decimated trust in the financial sector.
Nightberg macro research
North Korea pushes the world to the brink of war when a missile lands 20 miles off the U.S. West Coast. Trump chooses not to retaliate and instead meets with Chinese President Xi Jinping at a summit in Honolulu. The next day China seals its borders with the Hermit Kingdom.
Source: *See methodology
North Korean state TV announces that leader Kim Jong Un has unexpectedly died from a heart attack. A new puppet regime agrees to de-nuclearize. Trump’s approval ratings soar. Ties between Xi and Trump are so warm that people start talking about a Golden Era in Sino-American relations.
Photographer: Keith Bedford/Bloomberg
Eager to end his first term on a high, Trump announces that the U.S. will start selling military equipment to China. He also warns Japan and South Korea that he will withdraw American troops if they don’t play ball on trade. Spooked by the possible loss of its protective shield, Tokyo ramps up military spending.
Source: Ministry of Defense
On Trump’s last day in office, Xi announces plans to annex Taiwan. Trump welcomes the move, saying, “it’s a great deal for the people of Taiwan.” Japan says it will begin developing nuclear weapons. South Korea signs a defense pact with China.
Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Trump, 82, lands in Taipei to celebrate the reunification of Taiwan with the mainland and sits next to President Xi, his old friend. The day ends on a dark note when Japan announces it can now deploy a nuclear warhead on an intercontinental ballistic missile. Asia enters a new arms race.
Photographer: Qilai Shen/Bloomberg
One play is to go long on Japanese defense manufacturers and to do the same within the U.S. defense sector as well. Liquid markets such as the Korean won, South Korea’s currency, could get hurt due to rising regional instability and accessibility for investors to achieve exposure to dynamics in the region.
Nightberg macro research
Brexit talks spiral out of control, Prime Minister Theresa May is ousted and a snap election brings Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn to power. Negotiations get back on track.
Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg
The U.K. leaves the European Union with a deal on March 29. Corbyn blames the Conservative Party for misleading the nation as the cost of departure turns out to be higher than May’s government had indicated.
Source: Centre for European Reform, 2017
Corbyn borrows heavily and ramps up taxes to push through his socialist agenda. University education is free. Wealthy bankers flee London, and so do the taxes they were paying. Corbyn announces plans to turn some of their properties into low-income housing. The yield on U.K. 10-year government bonds hits 5 percent.
Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg
Socialism is sexy again, and Corbyn gets re-elected with a stomping majority. But then, economic reality starts to set in after years of overspending. Debt shoots past 100 percent of GDP and inflation starts to spiral out of control.
Source: Office for National Statistics
There is rising concern that the country will default. A bad GDP number triggers a run on the pound. The U.K. is now a high-risk emerging-market asset, with polls showing Britons fearful of an IMF bailout.
Photographer: Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg
This would keep downward pressure on the pound and anchor it within a perpetual state of weakness. This translates into relative cheapness on a broad basis against other major currencies. Maintaining a short bias against the pound is the investment stance while also looking for long-term exposure to high-quality manufacturing exporters that would gain a competitive edge from a perennially weak sterling.
Nightberg macro research
French pensioners protest President Emmanuel Macron’s attempt to reform a generous retirement system, and Italian elections show a sharp split between generations. The plus-50 crowd goes with octogenarian Silvio Berlusconi, who wins by promising to preserve their nest eggs.
Photographer: Jean-Claude Coutausse/Bloomberg News
A dwindling working-age population can’t support the cost of retiring baby boomers, tipping Portugal, Italy, Spain and Greece into financial crisis. Macron and Germany’s Angela Merkel are so unpopular that neither can impose fiscal discipline. The EU Commission fines both of their countries for flouting deficit rules.
Source: Eurostat
Far-left candidate Jean-Luc Melenchon carries the French youth flag, defeating Macron and pointing to Jeremy Corbyn to show how true socialism can work in the 21st century. Taxes soar in both countries. Scotland votes to separate from Britain on the belief that taxes will fall.
Photographer: Christophe Morin/Bloomberg
With youth unemployment at 50 percent in much of Europe, the populist Five Star movement wins in Italy. Governments begin to crumble under the cost of their commitments. Catalonia votes to leave Spain. The mother country, too poor to afford a military, is powerless to stop it.
Source: Eurostat
Low fertility and early retirement mean it takes two workers to support one retiree in much of Europe. The young refuse to pay taxes. In the latest breakaway, Belgium splits into three parts: the French, the Flemish and Brussels, the capital of what little remains of the EU.
Shorting the euro would be the long-term play. Given aging populations and social angst as the young refuse to pay taxes, immigration would come to the forefront as more arrivals would be needed to keep those economies standing. Having investment exposures to companies that are in the business of bringing foreign workers into the euro zone—either temporarily or permanently—would be one investment strategy to consider.
Nightberg macro research
The most powerful typhoon in modern Chinese history makes landfall in Shanghai, causing widespread flooding and power outages. Pressure mounts on President Xi to use China’s economic weight—and his good relationship with President Trump—to get the U.S. to re-embrace the Paris Accords and cut emissions.
Source: NOAA/JMA
Beijing pours billions more into subsidizing China’s full conversion to electric vehicles by 2028. Trump, in his second term, refuses to rejoin Paris. Instead, he increases tax breaks for oil companies and old car makers. Russia also abandons the climate deal.
Source: CDIAC, Global Carbon Budget 2017, Le Quéré et al 2017
As the planet enters an age of weather extremes, China sees that climate change is starting to dry up its network of rivers. Relations between Trump and Xi remain warm, but officials in Beijing start talking about forcing the U.S. to change its behavior on climate.
China starts freezing out and imposing trade sanctions on countries that are lagging behind on CO2 targets—including the U.S.
Source: BP Plc
President Kimmel tries—and fails—to get Congress to rally behind a new commitment to cutting emissions, and loses the election as a result. The world sees its first climate-driven trade war as China imposes sanctions on the U.S., Australia and Russia.
Photographer: Luke Sharrett/Bloomberg
Being long on low carbon companies is one play as carbon footprint becomes more and more relevant. It can be a competitive edge in a period of advancing consumer awareness of environmental impacts. One potential ETF to look to is the low-carbon ETF.
Nightberg macro research
A breakthrough in battery technology opens the path to the mass production of cheap electric cars. Spooked about what this means about the future of energy, OPEC slams the brakes on producing oil. Crude holds steady at $50 per barrel, for now.
Photographer: Akos Stiller/Bloomberg
Mohammed bin Salman becomes king of Saudi Arabia, and the IPO of Saudi Aramco is a big success. He goes on a spending splurge to build “Neom,” his megacity in the desert. The rest of the world’s attention is focused on the success of the new electric cars flowing off assembly lines in Silicon Valley and Shenzhen. Oil ends the year at $40.
Economies from Japan to the U.S. struggle as the shock of rapid change upends the automobile sector’s supply chain. The biggest turmoil is felt in Moscow and Riyadh as budgets are obliterated by lower oil prices. Riots break out outside Russian factories. Oil hits $20.
Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg
Saudi Arabia falls into an economic depression and political instability spreads through the Middle East. President Vladimir Putin retires from politics and tries to govern through a proxy, former central bank governor Elvira Nabiullina. Oil falls to $10.
Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg
Saudi Arabia abandons its megacity and the half-built skyscrapers start to sink into the sand. OPEC dissolves. In Russia, no one has seen Putin in years and Nabiullina scrambles to prevent the breakup of the country. Investors start to panic about widespread bankruptcies across the global oil industry.
Photographer: Glen Carey/Bloomberg
If this lower-oil scenario were to play out, there would be a transfer of wealth across countries and sectors. Net energy importing countries would benefit greatly through terms-of-trade-gains while net energy exporting countries would get hurt. Betting on countries that benefit from this process would be one long-term strategy to follow (bet against energy producers). Also sectors such as airlines would perform better than the energy sector: a trade one could put on in the equity market.
Nightberg macro research
This report was compiled from interviews, data and research.
Nightberg, a global macro consultancy based in New York, evaluated the scenarios; Macro Strategist Birgir Haraldsson contributed investment guidance.
2018: 2016 estimate
2020: Gallup Daily tracks Americans’ views on politics, economics and well-being, conducting 1,500 or more interviews each night and posting new numbers each day at 1 p.m. ET. The margin of error is +/-3 percent
2018: Survey conducted Dec. 1-4, 2016
2018: Source: Center for Strategic & International Studies, South Korean Ministry of National Defense, Atomic Heritage Foundation, Federation of American Scientists, Air University
2020: 2018 is the ministry’s request, actual budget expected Dec. 21 and is likely to change.
2019: Figures represent the best—and worst—case scenarios depending on: a) whether the EU negotiates maximum or minimum liabilities and receipts for the U.K., and b) the precise share of EU liabilities the U.K. would be responsible for (12-15%).
2023: Next release, Dec. 21, 2017
2020: 2016: estimate, provisional. 2020-80: projections (EUROPOP2015)
2024: Rates are compiled based upon ILO definitions. Unemployed people are those aged 15 to 74 who are without work, are available to start work within the next two weeks and have actively sought employment at some time during the previous four weeks.
2021: Estimates for 2015 and 2016 are preliminary. Growth rate is adjusted for the leap year in 2016.