By Flavia Krause-JacksonFlavia Krause-Jackson, Adrian LeungAdrian Leung and John FraherJohn Fraher

The world is on edge. North Korea is threatening war. No one knows what Donald Trump will do next. And deeper forces of disruption are at work, from fake news to cryptocurrencies.

With that in mind, welcome to the latest edition of the Pessimist’s Guide...to 2028. It’s an attempt not just to look at the potential shocks of next year but also to consider how they could shape the coming decade.

The scenarios outlined here are not meant as forecasts. Instead, they are provocative ideas intended to make you think about how quickly our world is changing.

  • Scenario 1

    Trump Wins Second Term

  • Scenario 2

    Fake News Kills Facebook

  • Scenario 3

    Bitcoin Replaces the Banks

  • Scenario 4

    North Korea Launches an Attack

  • Scenario 5

    Corbyn Makes Socialism Great Again

  • Scenario 6

    Generational Warfare Destroys Europe

  • Scenario 7

    China Begins a Trade War

  • Scenario 8

    Electric Cars End the Oil Era

Scenario 1

Trump Wins Second Term

  1. 2018

    President Donald Trump follows his tax-cut victory with a major push on deregulation and a pledge to spend trillions of dollars on the military and infrastructure. The economy booms. Robert Mueller’s investigation doesn’t find anything that personally implicates Trump.

    U.S. Military Spending

    Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

  2. 2020

    Despite low poll numbers, Trump scrapes through to re-election as the disorganized Democrats split between Democrat Kamala Harris and independent Bernie Sanders, by then age 79.

    Trump's First Year Approval Rating

    Source: Gallup

  3. 2021

    Trump finally manages to repeal Obamacare—but doesn’t replace it. Chaos ensues in the U.S. health-care system just as the economic sugar high wears off and the stock-market bubble pops. The U.S. falls into a deep recession.

    S&P 500 Index

    Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg

  4. 2024

    Voters elect Democrat Jimmy Kimmel as president after he runs on introducing national health care. But in a sign of a divided nation, Virginians choose Steve Bannon as their next senator over Tim Kaine. Riots over health care erupt in major cities.

    Photographer: Pete Marovich/Bloomberg

  5. 2028

    The Democratic and Republican parties fracture as voters disillusioned with establishment politics are drawn to alternative parties. Four plausible candidates run for president in November; no one gets 270 electoral votes. Political fights and court cases drag into 2029 as Inauguration Day nears.

    Photographer: Daniel Acker/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 01

    It seems likely the U.S. will face an inflation problem over the coming 12 months. Some variations of the 2018-2021 scenario are therefore possible, particularly the part about disorganized Democrats losing the 2020 elections. Challenges to growth could arise from higher inflation and the monetary tightening that would follow. Compound that with cyclical stress on health care and more fractured politics, and U.S. financial assets suddenly appear far less attractive. A possible long-term play is to short U.S. equities vs. long global equities outside North America.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 2

Fake News Kills Facebook

  1. 2018

    The U.S. midterms show that Facebook and other Big Tech firms are failing to stop the spread of misinformation. One poll, for example, shows that 30 percent of voters thought that Hillary Clinton was running for the Senate.

    Degrees of Fake News Confusion

    Source: Pew Research Center, 2017

  2. 2019

    Facebook hires thousands of contractors to de-rank suspicious content, but it’s unlikely they will ever be able to spot the spoofers. Around the world, governments are forced to follow Russia’s example and embrace “bot farms” as a new weapon in counterintelligence. It emerges that nearly half of Twitter’s traffic comes from such “fake news” accounts.

    Photographer: Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg

  3. 2020

    CEOs of Silicon Valley companies announce that they’ve developed artificial intelligence programs to root out disinformation with a high degree of accuracy. But in the run-up to the presidential election, the voice-activated home assistants filling American homes are hacked to give pro-Trump answers to questions about the economy and foreign policy.

    U.S. Households With Networked Devices (millions)

    Source: IDC

  4. 2025

    No one knows what’s true and what’s false on the Internet anymore. The Kimmel administration decides it has no choice but to break up Big Tech and launches legal action. Facebook, Twitter and Google cease to exist as we know them.

    Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

  5. 2028

    Fragmentation dominates a rising generation of successor platforms, which give like-minded groups a social-media experience free of ideological opposition. This makes misinformation worse. Polls show 55 percent of Russians believe Trump has become president for life, following a fake video of a coronation speech on a platform dedicated to Russian nationalism.

    Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 02

    Media brands with their own distribution channels and reputations for a balanced, fact-based approach would benefit, though the polarization of society may mean that ‘tribal’ media brands may be winners as well. Conference business models could benefit, especially in high-end markets, to counter the ‘fake’ information—and to collect peer-to-peer insights on important issues. Shorting Nasdaq against global equities could work longer term, as the regulatory regime is likely to worsen for tech firms.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 3

Bitcoin Replaces the Banks

  1. 2018

    A U.S. regional lender announces that its systems have been taken down in a cyberattack and all its deposits have vanished. Regulators around the world reassure account holders that their deposits are safe. Bitcoin jumps to $40,000 as deep fears set in about the safety of the financial system. Gold surges too, but by less.

    Gold Price (dollars per ounce)

    Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg

  2. 2021

    China’s Alibaba adopts its own cryptocurrency for use inside its vast e-commerce network, establishing the mass-market viability of digital money. Following Venezuela’s lead, Greece and a few African countries adopt bitcoin, which hits $100,000.

    Bitcoin Currency

    Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg

  3. 2023

    Rogue coders inside a regulatory-compliance software company inject a Trojan malware program called Worm Hole into scores of banks around the world. Undetected, it siphons data and cash from accounts in fractional increments.

    Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

  4. 2026

    A 10-year-old schoolgirl in Pittsburgh discovers Worm Hole and exposes it on social media, triggering a run on the global banking system. Shares in “Old Wall Street” crash as major central banks embrace blockchain technology, bypassing the banks, and issue digital money directly to households.

    Photographer: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg

  5. 2028

    Many commercial lenders break apart. The global financial system gives way to a fragmented patchwork of digital currencies and payment systems dominated by such players as Alipay and Amazon.com. Bitcoin hits $1 million.

    Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 03

    Vanished bank deposits would likely drive a major disbelief in all things digital, even bitcoin. Owning real physical assests, such as gold, luxury real estate for high net worth individuals, artwork, and safety vault producers in general as individuals seek to store more of their wealth within their private residences. The cyber-insurance sector would benefit as the world would scramble to find a solution to decimated trust in the financial sector.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 4

North Korea Launches an Attack

  1. 2018

    North Korea pushes the world to the brink of war when a missile lands 20 miles off the U.S. West Coast. Trump chooses not to retaliate and instead meets with Chinese President Xi Jinping at a summit in Honolulu. The next day China seals its borders with the Hermit Kingdom.

    Source: *See methodology

  2. 2019

    North Korean state TV announces that leader Kim Jong Un has unexpectedly died from a heart attack. A new puppet regime agrees to de-nuclearize. Trump’s approval ratings soar. Ties between Xi and Trump are so warm that people start talking about a Golden Era in Sino-American relations.

    Photographer: Keith Bedford/Bloomberg

  3. 2020

    Eager to end his first term on a high, Trump announces that the U.S. will start selling military equipment to China. He also warns Japan and South Korea that he will withdraw American troops if they don’t play ball on trade. Spooked by the possible loss of its protective shield, Tokyo ramps up military spending.

    Japanese Defense Budget

    Source: Ministry of Defense

  4. 2025

    On Trump’s last day in office, Xi announces plans to annex Taiwan. Trump welcomes the move, saying, “it’s a great deal for the people of Taiwan.” Japan says it will begin developing nuclear weapons. South Korea signs a defense pact with China.

    Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

  5. 2028

    Trump, 82, lands in Taipei to celebrate the reunification of Taiwan with the mainland and sits next to President Xi, his old friend. The day ends on a dark note when Japan announces it can now deploy a nuclear warhead on an intercontinental ballistic missile. Asia enters a new arms race.

    Photographer: Qilai Shen/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 04

    One play is to go long on Japanese defense manufacturers and to do the same within the U.S. defense sector as well. Liquid markets such as the Korean won, South Korea’s currency, could get hurt due to rising regional instability and accessibility for investors to achieve exposure to dynamics in the region.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 5

Corbyn Makes Socialism Great Again

  1. 2018

    Brexit talks spiral out of control, Prime Minister Theresa May is ousted and a snap election brings Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn to power. Negotiations get back on track.

    Photographer: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

  2. 2019

    The U.K. leaves the European Union with a deal on March 29. Corbyn blames the Conservative Party for misleading the nation as the cost of departure turns out to be higher than May’s government had indicated.

    Source: Centre for European Reform, 2017

  3. 2022

    Corbyn borrows heavily and ramps up taxes to push through his socialist agenda. University education is free. Wealthy bankers flee London, and so do the taxes they were paying. Corbyn announces plans to turn some of their properties into low-income housing. The yield on U.K. 10-year government bonds hits 5 percent.

    U.K. 10-year Government Bond Yield

    Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg

  4. 2023

    Socialism is sexy again, and Corbyn gets re-elected with a stomping majority. But then, economic reality starts to set in after years of overspending. Debt shoots past 100 percent of GDP and inflation starts to spiral out of control.

    U.K. Debt as Percent of GDP

    Source: Office for National Statistics

  5. 2028

    There is rising concern that the country will default. A bad GDP number triggers a run on the pound. The U.K. is now a high-risk emerging-market asset, with polls showing Britons fearful of an IMF bailout.

    Photographer: Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 05

    This would keep downward pressure on the pound and anchor it within a perpetual state of weakness. This translates into relative cheapness on a broad basis against other major currencies. Maintaining a short bias against the pound is the investment stance while also looking for long-term exposure to high-quality manufacturing exporters that would gain a competitive edge from a perennially weak sterling.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 6

Generational Warfare Destroys Europe

  1. 2018

    French pensioners protest President Emmanuel Macron’s attempt to reform a generous retirement system, and Italian elections show a sharp split between generations. The plus-50 crowd goes with octogenarian Silvio Berlusconi, who wins by promising to preserve their nest eggs.

    Photographer: Jean-Claude Coutausse/Bloomberg News

  2. 2020

    A dwindling working-age population can’t support the cost of retiring baby boomers, tipping Portugal, Italy, Spain and Greece into financial crisis. Macron and Germany’s Angela Merkel are so unpopular that neither can impose fiscal discipline. The EU Commission fines both of their countries for flouting deficit rules.

    Europe's Growing Ranks of Seniors

    Source: Eurostat

  3. 2022

    Far-left candidate Jean-Luc Melenchon carries the French youth flag, defeating Macron and pointing to Jeremy Corbyn to show how true socialism can work in the 21st century. Taxes soar in both countries. Scotland votes to separate from Britain on the belief that taxes will fall.

    Photographer: Christophe Morin/Bloomberg

  4. 2024

    With youth unemployment at 50 percent in much of Europe, the populist Five Star movement wins in Italy. Governments begin to crumble under the cost of their commitments. Catalonia votes to leave Spain. The mother country, too poor to afford a military, is powerless to stop it.

    Youth Unemployment Rate in Europe

    Source: Eurostat

  5. 2028

    Low fertility and early retirement mean it takes two workers to support one retiree in much of Europe. The young refuse to pay taxes. In the latest breakaway, Belgium splits into three parts: the French, the Flemish and Brussels, the capital of what little remains of the EU.

  6. Investor Guidance 06

    Shorting the euro would be the long-term play. Given aging populations and social angst as the young refuse to pay taxes, immigration would come to the forefront as more arrivals would be needed to keep those economies standing. Having investment exposures to companies that are in the business of bringing foreign workers into the euro zone—either temporarily or permanently—would be one investment strategy to consider.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 7

China Begins a Trade War

  1. 2018

    The most powerful typhoon in modern Chinese history makes landfall in Shanghai, causing widespread flooding and power outages. Pressure mounts on President Xi to use China’s economic weight—and his good relationship with President Trump—to get the U.S. to re-embrace the Paris Accords and cut emissions.

    Source: NOAA/JMA

  2. 2021

    Beijing pours billions more into subsidizing China’s full conversion to electric vehicles by 2028. Trump, in his second term, refuses to rejoin Paris. Instead, he increases tax breaks for oil companies and old car makers. Russia also abandons the climate deal.

    Global Fossil Fuel and Carbon Emissions (in billion metric tons of CO2)

    Source: CDIAC, Global Carbon Budget 2017, Le Quéré et al 2017

  3. 2024

    As the planet enters an age of weather extremes, China sees that climate change is starting to dry up its network of rivers. Relations between Trump and Xi remain warm, but officials in Beijing start talking about forcing the U.S. to change its behavior on climate.

  4. 2025

    China starts freezing out and imposing trade sanctions on countries that are lagging behind on CO2 targets—including the U.S.

    U.S. Vs. China Carbon Emissions (in billion tons of CO2)

    Source: BP Plc

  5. 2028

    President Kimmel tries—and fails—to get Congress to rally behind a new commitment to cutting emissions, and loses the election as a result. The world sees its first climate-driven trade war as China imposes sanctions on the U.S., Australia and Russia.

    Photographer: Luke Sharrett/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 07

    Being long on low carbon companies is one play as carbon footprint becomes more and more relevant. It can be a competitive edge in a period of advancing consumer awareness of environmental impacts. One potential ETF to look to is the low-carbon ETF.

    Nightberg macro research

Scenario 8

Electric Cars End the Oil Era

  1. 2018

    A breakthrough in battery technology opens the path to the mass production of cheap electric cars. Spooked about what this means about the future of energy, OPEC slams the brakes on producing oil. Crude holds steady at $50 per barrel, for now.

    Photographer: Akos Stiller/Bloomberg

  2. 2020

    Mohammed bin Salman becomes king of Saudi Arabia, and the IPO of Saudi Aramco is a big success. He goes on a spending splurge to build “Neom,” his megacity in the desert. The rest of the world’s attention is focused on the success of the new electric cars flowing off assembly lines in Silicon Valley and Shenzhen. Oil ends the year at $40.

    Saudi Aramco Could Be World’s Biggest IPO
  3. 2021

    Economies from Japan to the U.S. struggle as the shock of rapid change upends the automobile sector’s supply chain. The biggest turmoil is felt in Moscow and Riyadh as budgets are obliterated by lower oil prices. Riots break out outside Russian factories. Oil hits $20.

    Russia's Budget Deficit (percent of GDP)

    Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg

  4. 2024

    Saudi Arabia falls into an economic depression and political instability spreads through the Middle East. President Vladimir Putin retires from politics and tries to govern through a proxy, former central bank governor Elvira Nabiullina. Oil falls to $10.

    Price of Oil (dollars/barrel)

    Source: Data Compiled by Bloomberg

  5. 2028

    Saudi Arabia abandons its megacity and the half-built skyscrapers start to sink into the sand. OPEC dissolves. In Russia, no one has seen Putin in years and Nabiullina scrambles to prevent the breakup of the country. Investors start to panic about widespread bankruptcies across the global oil industry.

    Photographer: Glen Carey/Bloomberg

  6. Investor Guidance 08

    If this lower-oil scenario were to play out, there would be a transfer of wealth across countries and sectors. Net energy importing countries would benefit greatly through terms-of-trade-gains while net energy exporting countries would get hurt. Betting on countries that benefit from this process would be one long-term strategy to follow (bet against energy producers). Also sectors such as airlines would perform better than the energy sector: a trade one could put on in the equity market.

    Nightberg macro research

Methodology

This report was compiled from interviews, data and research.

Nightberg, a global macro consultancy based in New York, evaluated the scenarios; Macro Strategist Birgir Haraldsson contributed investment guidance.

Trump Wins Second Term
  1. 2018: 2016 estimate

  2. 2020: Gallup Daily tracks Americans’ views on politics, economics and well-being, conducting 1,500 or more interviews each night and posting new numbers each day at 1 p.m. ET. The margin of error is +/-3 percent

Fake News Kills Facebook
  1. 2018: Survey conducted Dec. 1-4, 2016

North Korea Launches an Attack
  1. 2018: Source: Center for Strategic & International Studies, South Korean Ministry of National Defense, Atomic Heritage Foundation, Federation of American Scientists, Air University

  2. 2020: 2018 is the ministry’s request, actual budget expected Dec. 21 and is likely to change.

Corbyn Makes Socialism Great Again
  1. 2019: Figures represent the best—and worst—case scenarios depending on: a) whether the EU negotiates maximum or minimum liabilities and receipts for the U.K., and b) the precise share of EU liabilities the U.K. would be responsible for (12-15%).

  2. 2023: Next release, Dec. 21, 2017

Generational Warfare Destroys Europe
  1. 2020: 2016: estimate, provisional. 2020-80: projections (EUROPOP2015)

  2. 2024: Rates are compiled based upon ILO definitions. Unemployed people are those aged 15 to 74 who are without work, are available to start work within the next two weeks and have actively sought employment at some time during the previous four weeks.

China Begins a Trade War
  1. 2021: Estimates for 2015 and 2016 are preliminary. Growth rate is adjusted for the leap year in 2016.