A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Campbell R. Harvey and Yan Liu, A Census of the Factor Zoo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | SSRN paper: | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3341728 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | (All factors sorted by year) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Please send updates to: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflDTiqr2bFsP5tqW7XStIp0-ikwHqK94dbCoMshLfesvKL2g/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Year | Common Flag | Individual Flag | Risk factor | Formation | Type | Journal | Short reference | Full reference | Link | T-statistic | Sample | Alternative T-stats | Notes | ||||||||||||
7 | 1964 | Market return | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Sharpe (1964) | Sharpe, William F., 1964, "Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk", Journal of Finance 19, 425-442. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2977928.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
8 | 1965 | Market return | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Lintner(1965) | Lintner, John, 1965, "Security prices, risk, and maximal gains from diversification", Journal of Finance 20, 587-615. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2977249.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
9 | 1966 | Market return | THEORY | Common financial | Econometrica | Mossin (1966) | Mossin, Jan, 1966, "Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market", Econometrica 34, 768-783. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1910098.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
10 | 1967 | 1 | Total volatility | Individual stock volatility | Individual financial | Yale Economic Essays | Douglas (1967) | Douglas, G.W., 1967, "Risk in the equity markets: An empirical appraisal of market efficiency", Yale Economic Essays 9, 3-48. | http://yufind.library.yale.edu/yufind/Record/3283436 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
11 | 1972 | Market return | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Heckerman (1972) | Heckerman, Donald G., 1972, "Portfolio selection and the structure of capital asset prices when relative prices of consumption goods may change", Journal of Finance 27, 47-60. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2978502.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
12 | Relative prices of consumption goods | THEORY | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 1972 | 1 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Studies in the Theory of Capital Markets | Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972) | Black, Fisher, Michael C Jensen and Myron Scholes, 1972, "The capital asset pricing model: Some empirical tests", In Studies in the theory of capital markets, ed. Michael Jensen, pp. 79-121. New York: Praeger. | http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=908569 | 2.33 | ||||||||||||||||
14 | 1972 | Market return | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Business | Black (1972) | Black, Fischer, 1972, "Capital market equilibrium with restricted borrowing", Journal of Business 45, 444-455. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2351499 | ||||||||||||||||||
15 | 1973 | State variables representing future investment opportunity | THEORY | Common financial/macro | Econometrica | Merton (1973) | Merton, Robert C., 1973, "An intertemporal capital asset pricing model", Econometrica 41, 867-887. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1913811.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
16 | 1973 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Journal of Political Economy | Fama and MacBeth (1973) | Fama, Eugene F. and James D. MacBeth, 1973, "Risk, return, and equilibrium: Empirical tests", Journal of Political Economy 81, 607-636. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1831028.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
17 | 1 | Beta squared | Square of market beta | Common financial | 0.86 | |||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 1 | Idiosyncratic volatility | Residual stock volatility from CAPM | Individual financial | 1.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 1973 | High order market return | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis | Rubinstein (1973) | Rubinstein, Mark E., 1973, "The fundamental of parameter-preference security valuation", Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 8, 61-69. | http://www. Jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2329748 | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | 1974 | World market return | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Economic Theory | Solnik (1974) | Solnik, Bruno, 1974, "An equilibrium model of the international capital market", Journal of Economic Theory 8, 500-524. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022053174900246 | ||||||||||||||||||
21 | 1974 | Individual investor resources | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Financial Economics | Rubinstein (1974) | Rubinstein, Mark E., 1974, "An aggregation theorem for securities markets", Journal of Financial Economics 1, 225-244. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X74900191 | ||||||||||||||||||
22 | 1975 | 1 | Earnings growth expectations | Projecting firm earnings growth based on market beta, firm size, dividend payout ratio, leverage and earnings variability | Individual accounting | Journal of Finance | Gupta and Ofer (1975) | Gupta, Manak C. and Aharon R. Ofer, "Investor's expectations of earnings growth, their accuracy and effects on the structure of realized rates of return", Journal of Finance 30, 509-523. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2978730.pdf | 2.1807 | ||||||||||||||||
23 | 1976 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Kraus and Litzenberger (1976) | Kraus, Alan and Robert H. Litzenberger, 1976, "Skewness preference and the valuation of risk assets", Journal of Finance 31, 1085-1100. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2326275.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
24 | 1 | Squared market return | Square of equity index return | Common financial | 1.905 | |||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 1977 | 1 | PE ratio | Firm price-to-earnings ratio | Individual accounting | Journal of Finance | Basu (1977) | Basu, S., 1977, "Investment performance of common stocks in relation to their price-earnings ratios: a test of the efficient market hypothesis", Journal of Finance 32, 663-682. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2326304.pdf | 2.472 | ||||||||||||||||
26 | 1978 | Marginal rate of substitution | THEORY | Common macro | Econometrica | Lucas (1978) | Lucas Jr, Robert E., 1978, "Asset prices in an exchange economy", Econometrica 46, 1429-1445. | http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~pbs/expfinance/Readings/Lucas1978.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
27 | 1979 | 1 | Dividend yield | Dividend per share divided by share price | Individual accounting | Journal of Financial Economics | Litzenberger and Ramaswamy (1979) | Litzenberger, Robert H. and Krishna Ramaswamy, 1979, "The effect of personal taxes and dividends on capital asset prices", Journal of Financial Economics 7, 163-195. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X79900126# | 6.33 | ||||||||||||||||
28 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | 1979 | Aggregate real consumption | THEORY | Common macro | Journal of Financial Economics | Breeden (1979) | Breeden, Douglas T., 1979, "An intertemporal asset pricing model with stochastic consumption and investment opportunities", Journal of Financial Economics 7, 265-296. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X79900163 | ||||||||||||||||||
30 | 1980 | Short sale restrictions | THEORY | Individual microstructure | Journal of Finance | Jarrow (1980) | Jarrow, Robert, 1980, "Heterogeneous expectations, restrictions on short sales, and equilibrium asset prices", Journal of Finance 35, 1105-1113. | http://forum.johnson.cornell.edu/faculty/jarrow/004%20Heterogeneous%20Expectations%20JF%201980.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
31 | 1981 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Fogler, John and Tipton (1981) | Fogler, H. Russell, Rose John and James Tipton, 1981, "Three factors, interest rate differentials and stock groups", Journal of Finance 36, 323-335. | www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2327014.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
32 | Treasury bond return | 3-month US Treasury bill return | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Corporate bond return | Index of long-term Aa utility bonds with deferred calls returns | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 1981 | 1 | Treasury bill return | Principle components extracted from returns of Treasury bills | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Oldfield and Rogalski (1981) | Oldfield, George S. and Richard J. Rogalski, 1981, "Treasury bill factors and common stock returns", Journal of Finance 36, 337-350. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2327015.pdf | 2.281 | ||||||||||||||||
35 | 1981 | World consumption | THEORY | Common macro | Journal of Financial Economics | Stulz (1981) | Stulz, Rene M., 1981, "A model of international asset pricing", Journal of Financial Economics 9, 383-406. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X81900052 | ||||||||||||||||||
36 | 1981 | Transaction costs | THEORY | Individual microstructure | Journal of Finance | Mayshar (1981) | Mayshar, Joram, 1981, "Transaction costs and the pricing of assets", Journal of Finance 36, 583-597. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2327520.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
37 | 1981 | 1 | Firm size | Market value of firm stocks | Individual financial | Journal of Financial Economics | Banz (1981) | Banz, Rolf W., 1981, "The relationship between return and market value of common stocks", Journal of Financial Economics 9, 3-18. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X81900180 | 2.92 | ||||||||||||||||
38 | 1981 | 1 | Short interest | Equity short interest | Individual microstructure | Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis | Figlewski (1981) | Figlewski, Stephen, 1981, "The informational effects of restrictions on short sales: some empirical evidence", Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 16, 463-476. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2330366.pdf?acceptTC=true | 2.786 | ||||||||||||||||
39 | 1982 | Individual consumer's wealth | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Business | Constantinides (1982) | Constantinides, George, 1982, "Intertemporal asset pricing with heterogeneous consumers and without demand aggregation", Journal of Business 55, 253-267. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2352702 | ||||||||||||||||||
40 | 1982 | Dividend yield | Total dividends divided by market capitalization | Individual accounting | Journal of Finance | Litzenberger and Ramaswamy (1982) | Litzenberger, Robert H. and Krishna Ramaswamy, 1982, "The effects of dividends on common stock prices tax effects or information effects?", Journal of Finance 37, 429-443. | https://www.jstor.org/stable/2327346?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents | ||||||||||||||||||
41 | 1983 | 1 | EP ratio | Firm earnings-to-price ratio | Individual accounting | Journal of Financial Economics | Basu (1983) | Basu, S., 1983, "The relationship between earnigns' yield, market value and return for NYSE common stocks: further evidence", Journal of Financial Economics 12, 129-156. | http://www.uadphilecon.gr/UA/files/1436950889..pdf | 2.617 | ||||||||||||||||
42 | 1983 | Foreign exchange rate change | THEORY | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Adler and Dumas (1983) | Adler, Michael and Bernard Dumas, 1983, "International portfolio choice and corporation finance: A synthesis", Journal of Finance 38, 925-984. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2328091 | ||||||||||||||||||
43 | 1983 | Institutional holding | Institutional concentration rankings from Standard and Poor's | Individual other | Financial Analyst Journal | Arbel, Carvell and Strebel (1983) | Arbel, Avner, Steven Carvell and Paul Strebel, 1983, "Giraffes, institutions and neglected firms", Financial Analysts Journal 39, 57-63. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4478647.pdf?acceptTC=true | ||||||||||||||||||
44 | 1984 | Earnings expectations | Consensus earnings expectations | Individual accounting | Financial Analyst Journal | Hawkins, Chamberlin and Daniel (1984) | Hawkins, Eugene H., Stanley C. Chamberlin and Wayne E. Daniel, 1984, "Earnings expectations and security prices", Financial Analysts Journal., 24-39. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4478772.pdf?acceptTC=true | ||||||||||||||||||
45 | 1984 | New listings dummy | Announcement that a company has filed a formal application to list on the NYSE | Individual accounting | Financial Analyst Journal | McConnell and Sanger (1984) | McConnell, John J. and Gary C. Sanger, 1984, "A trading strategy for new listings on the NYSE", Financial Analysts Journal, 34-38. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4478714.pdf?acceptTC=true | ||||||||||||||||||
46 | 1985 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Journal of Financial Economics | Chan, Chen and Hsieh (1985) | Chan, K. C., Nai-fu Chen and David A. Hsieh, 1985, "An exploratory investigation of the firm size effect", Journal of Financial Economics 14, 451-471. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X8590008X | ||||||||||||||||||
47 | 1 | Industrial production growth | Seasonally adjusted monthly growth rate of industrial production | Common macro | 2.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||
48 | 1 | Change in expected inflation | Change in expected inflation as defined in Fama and Gibbons (1984) | Common macro | 1.61 | |||||||||||||||||||||
49 | 1 | Unanticipated inflation | Realized minus expected inflation | Common macro | 2.56 | |||||||||||||||||||||
50 | 1 | Credit premium | Risk premium measured as difference in return between ``under Baa" bond portfolio and long-term government bond portfolio | Common financial | 2.87 | |||||||||||||||||||||
51 | 1 | Term structure | Yield curve slope measured as difference in return between long-term government bond and 1-month Treasury bill | Common financial | 1.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||
52 | 1985 | 1 | Long-term return reversal | Long-term past abnormal return | Individual other | Journal of Finance | Bondt and Thaler (1985) | Bondt , Werner F. M. and Richard Thaler, 1985, "Does the stock market overreact?", Journal of Finance 40, 793-805. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2327804.pdf | 3.14 | ||||||||||||||||
53 | 1985 | Investment opportunity change | THEORY | Common financial | Econometrica | Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1985) | Cox, John, Jonathan Ingersoll and Stephen Ross, 1985, "A theory of the term structure of interest rates", Econometrica 53, 385-407. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1911242 | ||||||||||||||||||
54 | 1986 | Transaction costs | THEORY | Common microstructure | Journal of Financial Economics | Amihud and Mendelson (1986) | Amihud, Yakov and Haim Mendelson, 1986, "Asset pricing and the bid-ask spread", Journal of Financial Economics 17, 223-249. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/034405X86900656 | ||||||||||||||||||
55 | 1986 | Transaction costs | THEORY | Common microstructure | Journal of Political Economy | Constantinides (1986) | Constantinides, George, 1986, "Capital market equilibrium with transaction costs", Journal of Political Economy 94, 842-862. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1833205 | ||||||||||||||||||
56 | 1986 | Expected inflation | THEORY | Common macro | Journal of Finance | Stulz (1986) | Stulz, Rene M., 1986, "Asset Pricing and Expected Inflation", Journal of Finance 41, 209-223. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2328353.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
57 | 1986 | 1 | Long-term interest rate | Change in the yield of long-term government bonds | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Sweeney and Warga (1986) | Sweeney, Richard J. and Arthur D. Warga, 1986, "The pricing of interest-rate risk: evidence from the stock market", Journal of Finance 41, 393-410. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2328443.pdf | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||
58 | 1986 | Industrial production growth | Seasonally adjusted monthly growth rate of industrial production | Common macro | Journal of Business | Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) | Chen, Nai-Fu, Richard Roll and Stephen A. Ross, 1986, "Economic forces and stock market", Journal of Business 59, 383-403. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2352710.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
59 | Credit premium | Risk premium measured as difference in return between ``under Baa" bond portfolio and long-term government bond portfolio | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | Term structure | Yield curve slope measured as difference in return between long-term government bond and 1-month Treasury bill | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | Unanticipated inflation | Realized minus expected inflation | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | Changes in expected inflation | Changes in expected inflation as defined in Fama and Gibbons (1984) | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | 1 | Change in oil prices | Growth rate in oil prices | Common macro | 0.996 | |||||||||||||||||||||
64 | 1988 | 1 | Debt to equity ratio | Non-common equity liabilities to equity | Individual accounting | Journal of Finance | Bhandari (1988) | Bhandari, Laxmi Chand, 1988, "Debt/Equity ratio and expected common stock returns: Empirical evidence", Journal of Finance 43, 507-528. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2328473.pdf | 3.93 | ||||||||||||||||
65 | 1988 | 1 | Long-term growth forecasts | Long-term growth forecasts proxied by the five-year earnings per share growth rate forecasts | Individual accounting | Financial Analyst Journal | Bauman and Dowen (1988) | Bauman, Scott and Richard Dowen, 1988, "Growth projections and common stock returns", Financial Analyst Journal 44, 79-80. | CFA institute | |||||||||||||||||
66 | 1988 | 1 | Sales-to-price | Trailing year's sales-per-share divided by price, relative to the cap-weighted industry average | Individual Accounting | Financial Analyst Journal | Jacobs and Levy (1988) | Jacobs, Bruce I. and Kenneth N. Levy, 1988, "Disentangling Equity Return Regularities: New Insights and Investment Opportunities", Financial Analysts Journal 44, 18-43. | https://www.jlem.com/documents/FG/jlem/articles/579649_Disentangling-FAJ_MJ88.pdf | 3.4 | 1978-1986 | From Table 5 p. 36, pure anomaly | ||||||||||||||
67 | 1 | Trends in analysts' earnings estimates | Change in next fiscal year's consensus estimate, normalized by price | Individual Accounting | 7.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
68 | 1989 | 1 | Consumption growth | Per capita real consumption growth | Common macro | Journal of Finance | Breeden, Gibbons and Litzenberger (1989) | Breeden, Douglas T., Michael R. Gibbons and Robert H. Litzenberger, "Empirical Test of the Consumption-Oriented CAPM", Journal of Finance 44, 231-262. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2328589.pdf | 3.594 | ||||||||||||||||
69 | 1989 | 1 | Illiquidity | Illiquidity proxied by bid-ask spread | Individual microstructure | Journal of Finance | Amihud and Mendelson (1989) | Amihud, Yakov and Haim Mendelson, 1989, "The effects of beta, bid-ask spread, residual risk, and size on stock returns", Journal of Finance 44, 479-486. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2328600 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||
70 | 1989 | 1 | Predicted earnings change | Predicted earnings change in one year based on a financial statement analysis that combines a large set of financial statement items | Individual accounting | Journal of Accounting & Economics | Ou and Penman (1989) | Ou, Jane A. and Stephen H. Penman, 1989, "Financial statement analysis and the prediction of stock returns", Journal of Accounting & Economics 11, 295-329. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165410189900177 | 6.23 | ||||||||||||||||
71 | 1990 | 1 | Return predictability | Short-term (one month) and long-term (twelve months) serial correlations in returns | Individual financial | Journal of Finance | Jegadeesh (1990) | Jegadeesh, Narasimhan, 1990, "Evidence of predictable behavior of security returns", Journal of Finance 45, 881-898. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2328797.pdf?acceptTC=true | 6.94 | ||||||||||||||||
72 | 1991 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Journal of Political Economy | Ferson and Harvey (1991) | Ferson, Wayne E. and Campbell R. Harvey, 1991, "The variation of economic risk premiums", Journal of Political Economy 99, 385-415. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2937686.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
73 | Consumption growth | Real per capita growth of personal consumption expenditures for nondurables & services | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | Credit spread | Baa corporate bond return less monthly long-term government bond return | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | 1 | Change in the slope of the yield curve | Change in the difference between a 10-year Treasury bond yield and a 3-month Treasury bill yield | Common financial | 2.57 | |||||||||||||||||||||
76 | Unexpected inflation | Difference between actual and time-series forecasts of inflation rate | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | 1 | Real short rate | One-month Treasury bill return less inflation rate | Common financial | 2.16 | |||||||||||||||||||||
78 | 1992 | 1 | Size | Return on a zero-investment portfolio long in small stocks and short in large stocks | Common accounting | Journal of Finance | Fama and French (1992) | Fama, Eugene F. and Kenneth R. French, 1992, "The cross-section of expected stock returns", Journal of Finance 47, 427-465. | www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2329112.pdf | 2.58 | ||||||||||||||||
79 | 1 | Value | Return on a zero-investment portfolio long in growth stocks and short in value stocks | Common accounting | 5.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||
80 | 1992 | Return momentum | Size and beta adjusted mean prior five-year returns | Individual financial | Journal of Financial Economics | Chopra, Lakonishok and Ritter (1992) | Chopra, Navin, Josef Lakonishok and Jay R. Ritter, 1992, "Measuring abnormal performance", Journal of Financial Economics 31, 235-268. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X9290005I | ||||||||||||||||||
81 | 1992 | Predicted return signs | Return signs predicted by a logit model using financial ratios | Individual accounting | Journal of Accounting & Economics | Holthausen and Larcker (1992) | Holthausen, Robert and David Larcker, 1992, "The prediction of stock returns using financial statement information", Journal of Accounting & Economics 15, 373-411. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016541019290025W | ||||||||||||||||||
82 | 1993 | 1 | Return momentum | Past stock returns | Individual other | Journal of Finance | Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) | Jegadeesh, Narasimhan and Sheridan Titman, 1993, "Returns to buying winners and selling losers: implications for stock market efficiency", Journal of Finance 48, 65-91. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2328882 | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||||
83 | 1993 | Return on S&P stocks | Returns on S&P stocks | Common financial | Review of Financial Studies | Elton, Gruber, Das and Hlavka (1993) | Elton, Edwin, Martin Gruber, Sanjiv Das and Matthew Hlavka, 1993, "Efficiency with costly information: A reinterpretation of evidence from managed portfolios", Review of Financial Studies 6, 1-22. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2961987 | ||||||||||||||||||
84 | Returns on non-S&P stocks | Returns on non-S&P stocks | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | 1993 | High order market and bond return | High order equity index returns and bond returns | Common financial | Journal of Finance | Bansal and Viswanathan (1993) | Bansal, Ravi and S.Viswanathan, 1993, "No arbitrage and arbitrage pricing: a new approach", Journal of Finance 48, 1231-1262. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2329037.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
86 | 1993 | Market return | Equity index return | Common financial | Journal of Financial Economics | Fama and French (1993) | Fama, Eugene F. and Kenneth R. French, 1993, "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds", Journal of Financial Economics 33, 3-56. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X93900235# | ||||||||||||||||||
87 | Size | Return on a zero-investment portfolio long in small stocks and short in large stocks | Common accounting | |||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | Value | Return on a zero-investment portfolio long in growth stocks and short in value stocks | Common accounting | |||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | Term structure | Difference in return between long-term government bond and one-month Treasury bill | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | Credit risk | Difference in return between long-term corporate bond and long-term government bond | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | 1993 | World equity return | US dollar return of the MSCI world equity market in excess of a short-term interest rate | Common financial | Review of Financial Studies | Ferson and Harvey (1993) | Ferson, Wayne E. and Campbell R. Harvey, 1993, "The risk and predictability of international equity returns", Review of Financial Studies 6, 527-566. | http://www.jstor.org./stable/pdfplus/2961978.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
92 | Change in weighted exchange rate | Log first difference of the trade-weighted US dollar price of ten industrialized countries' currencies | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | Change in long-term inflationary expectations | Change in long-term inflationary expectations | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Weighted real short-term interest rate | GDP weighted average of short-term interest rates in G-7 countries | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Change in oil price | Change in the monthly average US dollar price per barrel of crude oil | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | Change in the Eurodollar-Treasury yield spread | First difference of the spread between the 90-day Eurodollar yield and the 90-day Treasury-bill yield | Common financial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | Change in G-7 industrial production | Change in G-7 industrial production | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | Unexpected inflation for the G-7 countries | Unexpected inflation based on a time-series model on an aggregate G-7 inflation rate | Common macro | |||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | 1994 | 1 | World equity return | US dollar return of the MSCI world equity market in excess of a short-term interest rate | Common financial | Journal of Banking and Finance | Ferson and Harvey (1994) | Ferson, Wayne and Campbell Harvey, 1994, "Sources of risk and expected returns in global equity markets", Journal of Banking and Finance 18, 775-803. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037842669300020P | 1.969 | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 1 | Change in weighted exchange rate | Log first difference of the trade-weighted US dollar price of ten industrialized countries' currencies | Common financial | 0.954 |